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Ubuntu Package Management: A Guide to apt, Snap, and Flatpak

Linux•21 October 2024

Ubuntu provides a versatile and flexible environment for managing software. It offers multiple package management systems that cater to different needs and preferences. In this guide, we'll explore the key differences between apt, Snap, and Flatpak, and help you decide when to use each one.

1. apt (Advanced Package Tool)

apt is the default package manager used in Ubuntu for managing .deb packages. It interfaces with the Debian package system, making it easy to install, update, and remove software. Most of the software available in the official Ubuntu repositories is installed and managed using apt.

Features of apt:

  • Speed and stability: Since apt pulls software from official repositories, the packages are stable and well-tested.
  • Dependency management: Automatically resolves and installs dependencies.
  • Command-line interface: Allows users to manage software using commands like apt install, apt update, and apt upgrade.
  • Granular control: You can fine-tune installations, remove unwanted packages, and configure updates easily.

Use apt when:

  • You need stable and reliable software.
  • The package is available in the official Ubuntu or PPAs (Personal Package Archives).
  • You prefer faster performance and minimal resource overhead.

Example:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install vlc

2. Snap

Snap packages are self-contained software packages that include all their dependencies. This makes them larger in size but ensures compatibility across different Linux distributions. Ubuntu ships with Snap support out of the box, and Canonical (Ubuntu's parent company) actively promotes its use.

Features of Snap:

  • Cross-distro compatibility: Snap apps can run on any Linux distribution that supports the Snap system.
  • Automatic updates: Snaps update automatically in the background.
  • App isolation: Snaps are sandboxed, meaning each application runs in isolation for better security.
  • Availability of latest versions: Developers can release the latest versions of software as Snap packages.

Drawbacks:

  • Slower startup times due to sandboxing.
  • Larger package sizes compared to apt.

Use Snap when:

  • You want the latest versions of software.
  • The software is not available through apt but is available as a Snap package.
  • Cross-distribution compatibility is required.

Example:

sudo snap install vlc

3. Flatpak

Flatpak is another system for building and distributing software in a sandboxed environment. It is similar to Snap but is more community-driven and aims to be cross-distro without being tied to any one company (like Canonical with Snap).

Features of Flatpak:

  • Sandboxing: Like Snap, Flatpak apps run in isolation, increasing security.
  • Cross-distro compatibility: Flatpak apps run on many Linux distributions.
  • Flathub repository: The most common source for Flatpak apps, providing a wide selection of applications.

Drawbacks:

  • Large package sizes, since each Flatpak app includes its dependencies.
  • Slower startup times compared to apt.

Use Flatpak when:

  • You want access to apps not available via apt or Snap.
  • You are running a non-Ubuntu distribution and prefer Flatpak’s ecosystem.
  • The software is available in the Flathub repository.

Example:

sudo apt install flatpak
flatpak install flathub org.videolan.VLC

Conclusion

Ubuntu's package management options give you flexibility and freedom in managing your software.

  • Use apt for the most stable, resource-efficient installations from Ubuntu's repositories.
  • Choose Snap for newer software versions or apps not available in apt.
  • Opt for Flatpak if you prefer an independent, community-driven ecosystem or if you are running other Linux distributions.

Understanding the pros and cons of each package manager can help you make better choices when installing and managing software on your Ubuntu system. Happy package managing!